One roadblock when developing cancer treatments is the lack of preclinical models that faithfully recreate the tumor microenvironment (TME). Innovative 3D tumor models can replicate the TME, leading to better diagnosis of the disease conditions, surgical planning or drug selection for the patient. The UIUC team will use advanced manufacturing strategies—Industry 4.0—to develop a revolutionary platform that will consistently and reproducibly produce three-dimensional (3D) tumor models of any cancer type, at scale. The platform will exert closed-loop control over the production of tumor organoids while generating a digital thread that documents the status of the tumor models at every stage. The effort includes significant automation for processing, development of high-speed and chemically detailed non-destructive imaging to characterize the models, and the creation of an AI-based Model Predictive Control to dictate growth conditions at each stage of the tumor model development. The prototype manufacturing technology will produce consistent and verified tumor models at a rate of ≥10 per day. This agile manufacturing technology will provide a turnkey solution for validated 3D models for any solid tumor, including cancers from individual patients, cancers prevalent in underserved and minority communities, or rare cancers unaddressed by current technologies.