A team led by Duke University for TA1 and TA2 is focusing on time-release of therapies. They designed two injectable, time–released, combination drug formulations that stimulate bone and articular cartilage regeneration in OA-degraded joints. These therapeutics can be used alone or together. Duke researchers have also designed an intravenous time-release formulation that promotes targeted cartilage repair for patients with OA in multiple joints, eliminating the need for multiple injections. These therapeutics require only a single clinic visit, no more than once per year, to relieve joint pain and restore function by regenerating tissue lost to OA. An affiliated spinout company will commercialize these three products in a cost-effective way to ensure access for all Americans.