Half of Americans struggle with poor sleep, and one in three adults suffer from insomnia. Evidence shows poor sleep exacerbates and increases risk for mental illness and chronic disease, yet we currently have no reliable way of objectively assessing sleep quality and intervening to improve health outcomes. The Sleep Health Data Commons (SHDC) pilot project will create the foundational infrastructure for transforming how we measure and treat sleep quality—moving from subjective assessment to objective, data-driven precision medicine. To achieve this, the SHDC team will develop the groundwork for a transformative, secure, large-scale health database capable of linking objective sleep quality biomarkers to real health outcomes.