The project intends to develop functional, scalable, cost-effective, and transplantable bioprinted hypoimmune universal livers to address the organ shortage crisis. The team will make functional, scalable, and transplantable livers for all Americans by 1) engineering a ‘universal cell’ from allogeneic hypoimmunogenic iPSC (hiPSC)-derived liver cells, 2) conducting cost-effective and scalable bioreactor cultures and bioprocessing of liver-specific differentiated cell types, and 3) developing the tools for Porous Bed bioprinting of liver tissues. The project’s outcome will be a universally available liver graft from engineered cells that expands access to organ transplantation and eliminates life-long immunosuppression.